汽車轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)設(shè)計及仿真畢業(yè)設(shè)計
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- 機械轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)設(shè)計及其仿真
目 錄
中文摘要、關(guān)鍵詞……………………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要、關(guān)鍵詞……………………………………………………………………………2
引言 ……………………………………………………………………………………………3
第1章 轎車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)總述…………………………………………………………………4
1.1 轎車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)概述……………………………………………………………………4
1.1.1轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡介…………………………………………………………………4
1.1.2轎車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展概況……………………………………………………………4
1.2 轎車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的要求………………………………………………………………5
第2章 轉(zhuǎn)向系的主要性能參數(shù)………………………………………………………7
2.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系的效率…………………………………………………………………………7
2.1.1轉(zhuǎn)向器的正效率…………………………………………………………………7
2.1.2 轉(zhuǎn)向器的逆效率……………………………………………………………………8
2.2 傳動比變化特性………………………………………………………………………9
2.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系傳動比…………………………………………………………………………9
2.2.2 力傳動比與轉(zhuǎn)向系角傳動比的關(guān)系…………………………………………………9
2.2.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器角傳動比的選擇 ……………………………………………………………10
2.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器傳動副的傳動間隙 ……………………………………………………………10
2.4 轉(zhuǎn)向盤的總轉(zhuǎn)動圈數(shù) …………………………………………………………………11
第3章 轎車轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計…………………………………………………………………12
3.1 轉(zhuǎn)向器的方案分析 ……………………………………………………………………12
3.1.1 機械轉(zhuǎn)向器…………………………………………………………………………12
3.1.2 轉(zhuǎn)向控制閥…………………………………………………………………………12
3.1.3 轉(zhuǎn)向系壓力流量類型選擇…………………………………………………………13
3.1.4 液壓泵的選擇………………………………………………………………………14
3.2 齒輪齒條式液壓動力轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)設(shè)計…………………………………………………14
3.2.1 齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)分析………………………………………………………14
3.2.3 參考數(shù)據(jù)的確定……………………………………………………………………20
3.2.4 轉(zhuǎn)向輪側(cè)偏角計算…………………………………………………………………21
3.2.5 轉(zhuǎn)向器參數(shù)選取……………………………………………………………………21
3.2.6 選擇齒輪齒條材料…………………………………………………………………22
3.2.7 強度校核……………………………………………………………………………22
3.2.8 齒輪齒條的基本參數(shù)如下表所示…………………………………………………23
3.3 齒輪軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計……………………………………………………………………23
3.4 軸承的選擇……………………………………………………………………………23
3.5 轉(zhuǎn)向器的潤滑方式和密封類型的選擇………………………………………………24
3.6 動力轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)布置方案分析…………………………………………………………24
第4章 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機構(gòu)設(shè)計………………………………………………………………26
4.1 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機構(gòu)原理……………………………………………………………………26
4.2 轉(zhuǎn)向傳送機構(gòu)的臂、桿與球銷………………………………………………………27
4.3 轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿及其端部…………………………………………………………………28
第5章 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)優(yōu)化………………………………………………………………30
5.1 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)概述…………………………………………………………………30
5.2 整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析……………………………………………………30
5.3 整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)優(yōu)化分析……………………………………………………31
5.4 整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計……………………………………………………34
5.4.1 優(yōu)化方法介紹……………………………………………………………………34
5.4.2 優(yōu)化設(shè)計計算……………………………………………………………………35
結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………………………………37
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………38
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………39
轎車轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)設(shè)計
摘要：本課題的題目是轉(zhuǎn)向系的設(shè)計。以齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向器的設(shè)計為中心，一是轎車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)總述；二是機械轉(zhuǎn)向器的選擇；三是齒輪和齒條的合理匹配，以滿足轉(zhuǎn)向器的正確傳動比和強度要求；四是動力轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)設(shè)計；五是梯形結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。因此本課題在考慮上述要求和因素的基礎(chǔ)上研究利用轉(zhuǎn)向盤的旋轉(zhuǎn)帶動傳動機構(gòu)的齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向軸轉(zhuǎn)向，通過萬向節(jié)帶動轉(zhuǎn)向齒輪軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)向齒輪軸與轉(zhuǎn)向齒條嚙合，從而促使轉(zhuǎn)向齒條直線運動，實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)向。實現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單緊湊，軸向尺寸短，且零件數(shù)目少的優(yōu)點又能增加助力，從而實現(xiàn)了汽車轉(zhuǎn)向的穩(wěn)定性和靈敏性。在本文中主要進行了轉(zhuǎn)向器齒輪齒條的設(shè)計和對轉(zhuǎn)向齒輪軸的校核，主要方法和理論采用汽車設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗參數(shù)和大學所學機械設(shè)計的課程內(nèi)容進行設(shè)計，其結(jié)果滿足強度要求，安全可靠。
關(guān)鍵詞：轎車 轉(zhuǎn)向系 齒輪齒條設(shè)計 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形
Cars Steering Mechanism Design
Abstract：The title of this topic is the design of steering system. Rack and pinion steering gear to the design as the center, first are cars’ steering system overview; Second, Cars steering system performance parameters; third rack gear and a reasonable match to meet the correct steering gear ratio and strength requirements; Fourth, power steering mechanism design; Fifth, the structural design of trapezoidal. Therefore, taking into account the above issues and factors that require study, based on the steering wheel rotary drive transmission shaft of the steering rack and pinion steering, through the universal joint drive shaft rotation gear shift, steering rack and steering gear shaft meshing, thereby encouraging steering rack linear motion to achieve steering. Simple structure to achieve the steering tight, short axial dimension, and the number of parts can increase the advantages of less power in order to achieve the vehicle steering stability and sensitivity. In this article a major design steering rack and pinion steering gear shaft and the check, the main methods and theoretical experience in the use of automotive design parameters and the University of mechanical design school curriculum design and the results meet the strength requirements, safe and reliable.
Keywords: Car; Steerin; Mechanical Type Steering Gear and Gear Rack; Steering Trapezoidal
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